In 1999, the government declared HIV a national disaster, paving the way for multi-sector action and large-scale interventions to create awareness and curb its spread.
In 2003, President Mwai Kibaki declared 'total war on HIV/AIDS,' deepening collaboration with international development partners and funding agencies, including the US government through its President's Emergency Plan For AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) and USAID, the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria among others.