Mashujaa Day fete an insult to Kenya's forgotten independence heroes

Macharia Munene is a Historian.

As Kenyans commemorate 60 years of 'return to' independence, questions arise as to how Africans lost their independence.

First, the invading Europeans were well prepared for their imperial mission even as they competed with each other over who would grab which territory. In the meeting in Berlin, Germany, on the partitioning of Africa, they agreed on the rules of grabbing and also to mount effective occupation as a guarantee of ownership.