First vaccine test in US 'revved up people’s immune systems'

The first Covid-19 vaccine tested in the US revved up people’s immune systems just the way scientists had hoped, researchers reported Tuesday — as the shots are poised to begin key final testing. “No matter how you slice this, this is good news,” Dr Anthony Fauci, the US government’s top infectious disease expert, told The Associated Press.

The experimental vaccine, developed by Fauci’s colleagues at the National Institutes of Health and Moderna Inc, will start its most important step around July 27: A 30,000-person study to prove if the shots really are strong enough to protect against the coronavirus.

But Tuesday, researchers reported anxiously awaited findings from the first 45 volunteers who rolled up their sleeves back in March. Sure enough, the vaccine provided a hoped-for immune boost.

Those early volunteers developed what are called neutralising antibodies in their bloodstream — molecules key to blocking infection — at levels comparable to those found in people who survived Covid-19, the research team reported in the New England Journal of Medicine.

“This is an essential building block needed to move forward with the trials that could actually determine whether the vaccine does protect against infection,” said Dr Lisa Jackson of the Kaiser Permanente Washington Research Institute in Seattle, who led the study.

There’s no guarantee but the government hopes to have results around the end of the year — record-setting speed for developing a vaccine. The vaccine requires two doses, a month apart.

No serious side effects

There were no serious side effects. But more than half the study participants reported flu-like reactions to the shots that are not uncommon with other vaccines — fatigue, headache, chills, fever and pain at the injection site. For three participants given the highest dose, those reactions were more severe. That dose is not being pursued.

Some of those reactions are similar to coronavirus symptoms, but they are temporary, lasting about a day and occurring right after vaccination, researchers noted. “Small price to pay for protection against Covid,” said Dr William Schaffner of Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, a vaccine expert who was not involved with the study.

He called the early results “a good first step,” and is optimistic that final testing could deliver answers about whether it is really safe and effective by the beginning of next year. “It would be wonderful. But that assumes everything is working right on schedule,” Schaffner cautioned.

Moderna’s share price jumped nearly 15 per cent in trading after US markets closed. Shares of the company, based in Cambridge, Massachusetts, have nearly quadrupled this year.

Tuesday’s results only included younger adults. The first-step testing later was expanded to include dozens of older adults, the age group most at risk from Covid-19. Those results are not public yet, but regulators are evaluating them.

Fauci said final testing would include older adults, as well as people with chronic health conditions that make them more vulnerable to the virus — and Black and Latino populations likewise affected.

Nearly two dozen possible Covid-19 vaccines are in various stages of testing around the world. Candidates from China and Britain’s Oxford University also are entering final testing stages. The 30,000-person study will mark the world’s largest study of a potential Covid-19 vaccine so far. And the NIH-developed shot isn’t the only one set for such massive US testing, crucial to spot rare side effects.

The government plans similar large studies of the Oxford candidate and another by Johnson & Johnson. Separately, Pfizer Inc is planning its own huge study. People can start signing up to volunteer for the studies. People think “this is a race for one winner. I’m cheering every one of them on,” said Fauci, adding: “We need multiple vaccines. We need vaccines for the world.”

Worldwide, governments are investing in stockpiles of doses of the different candidates, in hopes of speedily starting inoculations if any are proven to work.