Throughout history, transactional disasters such as terrorism, infectious diseases, social reconstructions through technology and insurgencies of rebellious movements as well as world wars have threatened sovereignty of nations. Pandemics such as the coronavirus, HIV and Aids among other conditions have unmasked the complex web of interconnectedness among nations and the fact that in spite of the anarchic nature of the international system, no nation can exist in isolation.
From a realist perspective, the anarchic nature of the international system has necessitated nations to not only seek ways of survival but also develop mechanisms of re-organising the global structures in the international society with the aim of leveraging towards being the global policeman, solution provider consequently the global government.