Little public consultation preceded introduction of the 8-4-4 system in the 1980s and was monopolised by university-level academic leaders, under the belief that they were the only people knowledgeable enough to discuss the future of education in Kenya. The actual introduction of the new system was abrupt. People who had studied for up to six years under the previous system were suddenly told they had now converted to 8-4-4 simply by adding two, rather than one more year in primary school. How were they 8-4-4 when they had already learnt for six years under the old system?