Kidney stones, also known as renal calculi, form as a result of build-up of dissolved minerals on the kidney’s inner lining. They are solid crystals made up of calcium oxalate, among other minerals and compounds usually found in urine.
It is estimated that one in ten people will have a kidney stone at some point in their life. Once someone has had a kidney stone, it is highly likely that they will experience more kidney stones. The lifetime incidence of kidney stones is nearly 13 per cent in men and 17 per cent in women.