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Warm water, NATO at the heart of Russia-Ukraine conflict

A woman walks past Ukrainian soldiers guarding a road that leads to a government block, after Russian President Vladimir Putin authorised a military operation in eastern Ukraine, in Kyiv, Ukraine, February 24, 2022. [Reuters]

Crude oil, metals and machinery account for the bulk of Russia's exports. And herein lies one of the biggest challenges that Russia has to confront.

In winter, many of its ports freeze, meaning that ships cannot dock to bring goods or leave with exports.

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