Corruption has been a persistent challenge in Kenya affecting various aspects of public and private life since independence. Many partly blame much of the post-independence era's corruption on the 1971 Ndegwa Commission on Public Service recommendation to allow public servants to engage in business. It set the stage for politicians and public servants using public funds as a cash cow.
Part of the push for reforms throughout the 1990s and 2000s, especially during the constitution-making process, was targeted towards closing corruption loopholes, inculcating integrity and accountability in public service, reforming certain public institutions and bringing in servant leadership.