NAIROBI, KENYA: In the 19th century, a group of South American fishermen along the coasts of Ecuador and Peru discovered that sometimes, especially around Christmas, warm water would arrive off the coast of South America. During this period, the fishermen noticed that fish became scarce and at certain times could completely disappear, affecting their fishing businesses. The fishermen termed this phenomenon El-Niño, Spanish for ‘The Christ Child’, since it occurred about the same time as Christmas.
During an El-Niño episode, warm ocean currents usually develop in the Pacific, between northern Peru and Indonesia. Since the Pacific Ocean plays a huge role in the global climate, the El-Niño phenomenon has a massive effect on the weather patterns all over the world as well.