When the elderly man, in his black-and-white striped prison uniform, confessed to raping his 18-month-old granddaughter to prove his manhood, Reverend Timothy Njoya knew he had made a breakthrough.
"He stood up and testified: 'I wanted to show who has the penis, who is the boss'," recalled Njoya, a retired cleric who campaigns for gender equality. "'My son had a Mercedes, my daughter-in-law a BMW and I was still driving a Volkswagen. I had to prove that I still have what it takes to be a man,'" the prisoner said.
One after another, dozens of sexual offenders in Naivasha Maximum Security Prison admitted that they had raped women and girls because they believed they were entitled to sex or felt frustrated about their lives.
"This was a phenomenal transformational experience," says Njoya, who has held workshops to discuss masculinity with hundreds of thousands of men and boys across Kenya over the last decade.