Apart from enhancing aesthetics, patterns in the landscape can meet functional needs as well. They can be used for directing movements or defining special-use areas within the garden. But the power of patterns is fully appreciated when the garden is to be viewed from above. Such gardens offer a unique opportunity to transform the two-dimensional ground plane into a work of art.
Throughout history, pattern gardens have been popular. Roman gardeners created pattern using boxwood shrubs and gravel. This approach continued for centuries. Traditionally, patterns have tended to be formal. They were often focused around a centrepiece such as a fountain or a statue.