Men and women are different down to cellular levels. According to the Institute of Medicine, there are sex chromosomes in every cell in the body. This captures how fundamentally different men and women are.
This also means that men and women are affected by diseases, treatments and chemicals differently. Despite this knowledge, issues affecting women’s health have a long history of being ignored. Female subjects are often excluded from toxicology or biomedical research. This has long term effects on women’s health. There is a snowball effect on every step of the medical process- from prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disease.