Use technology to lure young people in Africa to farming

Adesuwa Ifedi, Heifer International Senior Vice President of Africa Programmes. [Courtesy]

The?coronavirus pandemic has dealt a severe blow to Africa’s people and economies - but across the continent, communities and nations are on the rebound.

To truly succeed, this economic comeback will need to create millions of jobs for the future of Africa’s booming youth population. Africa’s policymakers and business leaders must look to agriculture - a sector of vast and still untapped resources - to secure a productive and sustainable future for food.

I hear a lot of dire warnings about the food situation in Africa, and there are indeed many reasons to be concerned. The pandemic disrupted supply chains, upending many farmers’ precarious livelihoods that are already being hit hard by the climate crisis.

It’s easy to think that we are on an unalterable path toward a crisis of food security in Africa - but I know that doesn’t have to be the case. The future of food in Africa is in the hands of African farmers - particularly our young farmers, of whom we are in desperately short supply.

About 60 per cent of Africans are under 25 years old, but the average age of an African smallholder farmer is over 60. Too many young Africans view farming as exhausting work with antiquated tools for very low pay. You rarely hear an African under 30 say “I want to be a farmer.”

And many parents shudder at the thought of their children going into farming. If we are going to secure a sustainable future of food in Africa, these things need to change. We need to show agriculture can be a major source of jobs for the future.

The organisation I work with, Heifer International, released a report this month revealing why youth are turning away from agriculture. It also highlights a major opportunity to evolve the sector and bring them back.

The survey, which drew responses from some 30,000 young Africans across 11 countries, found that only about one in four young farmers has access to the kinds of agricultural technologies that are transforming food production around the world.

These “agritech” tools include digital sensors that monitor soil health and digital platforms that connect farmers with market opportunities, technical advice and high-quality inputs. The fact that many young African farmers lack access to these kinds of tools puts them at a severe disadvantage.

We also found that with the appropriate financing, training and access to technologies, many more African youth would seriously consider pursuing a career in agriculture.

The survey, which included focus groups with farmers and tech companies, revealed evidence of a rapidly growing cadre of agritech start-ups operated by creative, young Africans across the continent.

By encouraging and supporting this new generation of agritech innovators, we can boost access to labour-saving and transformative technologies for huge numbers of smallholder farmers across Africa.

These innovative entrepreneurs understand the farming struggles of their parents’ generation. But they also believe farming can provide a promising future for their generation. In Ethiopia, a group of young engineers is providing drone services for analysing farm performance and a mobile application to help farmers detect crop disease.

A start-up in Nigeria is using machine learning to guide farmers from seed to market—helping them choose what to grow, how to grow it and where to sell it. Farmers from Senegal to Kenya can sign on to receive SMS alerts on important weather updates, market insights and farming advice.

With these kinds of technologies, young farmers could better manage, or even avoid, many of the challenges they reported in the survey. These technologies have the power to make smallholder farmers much more productive, profitable and sustainable - and to make food production exciting and attractive for the new generation.

Ms Ifedi is Senior Vice President of Africa Programmes at Heifer International.