Today’s agriculture is faced by two critical challenges, meeting nutritional and calorific needs of over 9 billion people by 2030 and doing it in a way that conserves water, land, soils and the ecosystem. This calls for new agricultural models that will meet SDG 2 on Zero Hunger and SDG 12 on Sustainable Production and Consumption patterns. While a number of solutions have been proposed, most of them focus on productivity while ignoring sustainability.
Take, for instance, industrial agriculture which encourages use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides while ignoring their harmful effects on soils and biodiversity. This necessitates the development of eco-agri-food systems which is a collective term for the many complex interacting agricultural lands, marine systems, pastures, labour, infrastructure, technology, culture and institutions involved in the production, processing, distribution and consumption of food.