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What COP means and why it matters

View of the logo of COP30 UN Climate Change Conference, in Belem, Para state, Brazil, taken on November 6, 2025. [AFP]

COP30 opened this week in Belém, Brazil, with nearly 200 countries gathering to debate how to slow dangerous global warming. For two weeks, the city known as the “gateway to the Amazon” will host crucial talks on fossil fuels, forests, and climate finance.

The mood is tense. Last year was the hottest on record, and a decade of heat waves, droughts, fires, and floods has left no region untouched. Delegates have arrived with one shared reality — time is running out.

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