Institutional care is an affront to rights of children with disabilities

Despite the heavy rains experienced in Nairobi, a care giver braved the downpour with the child to attend International Day for Persons with Disability celebration at Kasarani Primary School, on February 12, 2021. [Jenipher Wachie, Standard] Every child, including those with disabilities, is entitled to the rights enshrined in the Convention of the Rights of the Child which Kenya has ratified. As a country, we have agreed to uphold these rights through the Children's Act 2022. However, in contravention of their rights, children with disabilities are often hidden away in communities or sometimes separated and isolated in institutions against their wishes. Isolation from communities on the basis of disability is discriminatory. It is a dereliction of duty - an abdication of responsibility by the government. Supporting these children to be visible in our communities and families normalises disability. Hiding them from others dehumanises and perpetuates stigma and discrimination, hence exacerbating the problem. Furthermore, unnecessary placement in residential care institutions often multiplies violations; children with disabilities are denied other rights, like the right to family and community care, to culture, to identity, to freedom of association. A global Human Rights Watch report, published in 2017 titled, 'Children with disabilities: Deprivation of liberty in the name of care and treatment' documented that children with disabilities often face severe neglect and abuse. This included beatings and psychological violence, sexual violence, involuntary and inappropriate medical treatment, use of abusive physical restraints, seclusion and sedation, denial of education and denial of regular contacts with families. An investigative media expose traced how the problems described above play out locally. It uncovered multiple human rights violations perpetuated against institutionalised children with disabilities, by a government agency. Nobody is seeking to romanticise families and communities. There are many children facing abuse, neglect and exploitation, including stigma and discrimination within family and community settings. However, studies consistently point to serious violations in institutional care settings. Moreover, over 80 years of research shows that supported families and communities are far better equipped than institutions when it comes to improvement of children's overall well-being. The primary role of government should not be to create more barriers, or spaces that deepen inequality and diminish inclusivity. Yet, this is exactly what we do when we institutionalise these children or neglect them in communities. The role of the government should be to ensure their protection and enjoyment of all rights, through full inclusion and participation in the community. To make inclusion a reality, we need responsive initiatives that tackle ubiquitous stigma and discrimination. That starts with community services and facilities available to persons with disabilities, enabling them to access education, housing, rehabilitation and therapy. It extends to respite care centres that allow struggling care-givers time off, or time to go and work. And it means we must improve infrastructure and provide necessary assistive devices, aids and services, like hearing aids, crutches, wheelchairs, tricycles, white canes and walking appliances to support full participation. Lastly, it's up to us to ensure we do not leave these children behind in the care reform processes that the government has initiated. To support governments to include disabled children in family based alternative care, the Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities developed 'Guidelines on deinstitutionalisation, including in emergencies'. These guidelines are meant to ensure an end to rampant violence against institutionalised persons with disabilities, including children. This advice should ensure children with disabilities are included and supported in families and communities, and prevent their institutionalisation.

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