History shows past challenges informing present-day issues

Raila Odinga (left) and Paul Muite among others drove the second liberation. [File, Standard]

Spanish philosopher George Santayana once said, "those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it."

This pithy statement holds true apropos to independent Kenya. A contemplative examination of the country's history reveals long-forgotten challenges of the past informing present-day issues. One wonders; Is the country stuck in an endless loop of history repeating itself? Can the cycle be broken? Is plenary liberation truly possible?