Infertility is bad news to any farmer. It means more costs in disease treatment, low milk production and slow stock build due to culling of affected animals.
A cow is infertile when it is unable to deliver a viable egg, conceive after successful mating, or carry pregnancy to term and deliver a healthy calf. Similarly, a breeding bull that cannot produce viable spermatozoa and deliver them into the female reproductive tract to fertilise the egg is categorised as infertile.