Inflicting pain on the citizens through higher taxes and layoffs was a playbook popular in the Global South in the late '80s and early '90s. It was the primary thinking of an economic viewpoint christened the Washington Consensus. This viewpoint came with a one-size-fits-all prescription for countries in South America Asia and Africa that were saddled with debt. That programme of intervention by the IMF, the World Bank and the US Department of Treasury was largely called the Structural Adjustment.