PETER EDICK ANYANGA is the chairman of the Kenya Nuclear Regulatory Authority. He speaks on what the agency is doing to protect Kenyans from radiation and nuclear disasters and why the country is keen to go the nuclear energy way.
Briefly tell us about yourself.
I am a former civil servant and a two-term MP for Nyatike constituency. I hold an MBA (Global) and I am a member of the Chartered Management Institute.
As chairman of the Kenya Nuclear Regulatory Authority, a government body charged with providing a regulatory framework for the control of radiation sources, radioactive waste management and nuclear technology, how has your experience been so far?
It has been rewarding and challenging. I have had the privilege of working with competent staff and boards committed to ensuring the safe and secure use of radiation and nuclear technology. One of the most gratifying aspects of my role has been witnessing the positive impact of our regulatory efforts in diverse sectors such as medicine, industry, agriculture and security. Our focus on transparency, accountability and international collaboration has allowed us to uphold the highest safety standards and foster a culture of continuous improvement within the radiation and nuclear industry. Throughout this journey, I have gained a deep appreciation for the critical role of regulatory authorities. It is a responsibility that I take to heart, and I am proud of the progress we have made together. My commitment remains unwavering. Our collective efforts will continue to pave the way for a safer, more sustainable future where the benefits of radiation technology are harnessed responsibly for the greater good.
In your view, has Kenya developed adequate capacity to avoid or effectively respond to radiation and nuclear disasters?
Radiation applications and technology hold the promise of significant benefits, in a variety of fields, from medicine and agriculture to electricity production and industry. However, radiation and nuclear technology pose special risks to the health and safety of persons and to the environment: risks that must be carefully managed. Measures include a comprehensive regulatory framework. KNRA upholds rigorous safety benchmarks, does inspections, and guarantees adherence to exacting safety prerequisites. The authority is also keen on international collaborations. We engage with entities like the International Atomic Energy Agency and neighbouring countries to share best practices and lessons learned. Other strategies include skilled workforce development and robust emergency preparedness where KNRA works with other agencies such as the National Disaster Operation Centre, National Disaster Management Unit to develop emergency preparedness and response capabilities. Then there's public education and communication. KNRA has implemented public education campaigns to inform citizens about nuclear and radiation technologies, their benefits, risks, and safety measures.
What is the level of public awareness with regard to the harmful effects of ionising radiation and how citizens can protect themselves, especially in medical, industrial and research facilities, which are some of the leading sources of radiation?
Public awareness regarding the harmful effects of ionising radiation varies from person to person and depends on several factors, including education and media coverage. In general, there is some level of awareness about the potential risks associated with ionising radiation, particularly in medical, industrial, and research settings. However, the depth of understanding and knowledge may differ among different segments of the population.
Mombasa Port poses the greatest threat in terms of radiation material getting its way into the country. What measures have you put in place to ensure this does not happen?
The threat of nuclear terrorism is a worldwide concern. A set of measures has been implemented to ensure the prevention and or detection of unauthorised entry of nuclear and other radioactive materials at our points of entry. We have strengthened border controls by implementing advanced scanning technologies capable of detecting radiation signatures in vehicles, cargo, and baggage. In this, we are collaborating with international partners such as Interpol to share intelligence and coordinate efforts to prevent the cross-border movement of illicit radiation materials.
The results of the terrorist attacks of September 2001 emphasized the requirement for enhanced control and security of nuclear and radioactive materials. Measures have been taken to increase the of physical protection and security for nuclear materials.
It follows that detection of radioactive materials (nuclear material and radioactive sources) at borders is an essential component of an overall strategy to ensure that such materials do not fall into the hands of terrorist groups and those criminal organisations that would supply them. We also engage in radiation source tracking and licensing, public awareness and reporting mechanisms. We've launched campaigns to educate citizens about risks and the need to report suspicious activities.
Many developed nations have turned away from nuclear power following the disaster at Japan's Fukushima plant in 2011 with Germany shutting down all of its plants. Why is Kenya taking the risk by going nuclear?
Many factors are taken into account when a country is considering different energy options: Among the considerations are economic development, long-term energy planning etc. It's important to note that each country's decision regarding nuclear power is complex and multifaceted. While some developed nations have turned away from nuclear power after the Fukushima disaster, other factors, including the ones listed above, could drive a country to take the risk and pursue nuclear energy as a viable option for its energy needs and broader national objectives.
Which are the main focus areas of the authority towards delivering on its mandate?
Nuclear regulatory authorities implement various efforts to ensure the safety and security of nuclear materials. KNRA's efforts include the establishment of a regulatory framework. KNRA has a framework that governs the safe and secure handling of nuclear materials. In addition, it is in the process of establishing requirements for the design, construction, operation, and decommissioning of nuclear facilities. KNRA is in the forefront in emphasising the importance of a strong safety culture for nuclear applications.
