Improper handling of e-waste not only pollutes the environment but also exposes humans and animals to toxins such as lead, mercury, nickel, cadmium, barium, and lithium. These heavy metals can damage vital organs including the brain, lungs, liver, and kidneys upon exposure.
Globally, e-waste contributes to about 70% of the leachate heavy metals found in landfills. These can seep into groundwater - a crucial source of drinking water - posing serious health risks to humans and animals.
"E-waste has high toxicity and possibility of being radioactive and its improper management result into challenges such as air pollution when the e-waste is burnt, leaching into surface and underground water bodies," Ayub said.
Burning e-waste also releases toxic gases, causing respiratory complications for nearby communities. In addition, incineration contributes large amounts of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, worsening ozone layer depletion and global warming.
Authorities are now urging caution and stronger collaboration to address the rising threat.
"The informal sector plays a unique role in mopping up e-waste and requires facilitation for services rendered," Dr. Macharia said. "If well engaged, it could develop innovative business models including upcycling."
EPROK Coordinator John Ayara noted that new legislation has been crucial in streamlining the e-waste sector.
"In the past, e-waste recyclers focused more on making profits because it was just a business. EPROK now coordinates the entire chain, from collection, to transportation, to recycling," he said.
Engels added: "It's important to have a functioning PRO for EPR to work."