Dorcas Korten Gavaza, 28. [Jacinta Mutura, Standard]

The election is a historic moment for the three generations of his family. Aside from himself and his two adult children, his mother in her 80s also voted.

"We are just too happy that no one is sidelining us anymore. I remember those years when we couldn't get formal jobs because of our statelessness. Our children could not access education to certain levels. Today, we are able to get government services and our children can access education and even scholarships. It is such a happy moment for me," said Muungani.

The Shona people arrived in Kenya from Zimbabwe as Christian missionaries in the 1960s. They carried British passports and were registered as British subjects.

After Kenya's independence in 1963, the Shona had a two-year window to register as Kenyans, which many missed. Also, because they were no longer residents in their countries of birth, they were not able to register there, thus rendering them stateless.

They were recognised as citizens on July 28, 2021, by Interior Cabinet Secretary Fred Matiang'i who gave them IDs with full citizenship rights.

Shona was consequently identified as Kenya's 45th tribe. There are more than 3,000 Shona people in Kenya spread across Kiambu, Meru, Embu, Laikipia, Kericho, Narok, Kajiado, Mombasa and Malindi.

Nikiriya Kanyongo, 67, voted at Kinoo Primary School. She said she migrated to Kenya with her parents in the 1960s. "I did not belong to Zimbabwe or Kenya until last year," she said.

"I was a child when we moved to Kenya. I did not go to school because of our statelessness. This also meant my children could not proceed to secondary school. Some of them got married at an early age because they could neither proceed with education nor secure jobs," said Kanyongo.

Kanyongo said she is happy to have a chance to vote for the leaders of her choice.

"I believe the misery of not belonging is over. I now have a voice and I can demand my rights. I can now question leaders without fear of victimisation because I am Kenyan. My grandchildren can now access education and government funds and services. This means everything to us," she said.

 Lilian Solomon Sibindi votes at Kinoo Primary School in Kikuyu, Kiambu County. [Jacinta Mutura, Standard]

The statelessness meant the Shona could not access basic services such as healthcare in public hospitals.

Fillipa Dube, 41, who The Standard caught up with as she readied to vote, said: "I dropped out of school and got married. My children faced many challenges. I couldn't acquire birth certificates for them because we did belong to Kenya or any other country. But we are Kenyans now and voting has just affirmed we are Kenyans."

Before gaining citizenship, the majority of Shona people relied on other Kenyans to register their children in school, register mobile phone numbers, or open bank accounts.

"Life had been tricky but we had no option. Ours was about survival. Women gave birth at home because we could not get admission to hospitals. We could not start businesses or approach leaders for financial help because we'd no documents to identify us," said Dube.

The community is deeply ingrained in Kenyan culture and intermarried with the locals. A good number of them engage in carpentry and weaving to make a living.

Recognition of the Shona followed a pledge by Kenya during UNHCR's High-Level Segment on Statelessness in October 2019. During the meeting, Kenya also pledged to accede to the UN conventions on statelessness.

Then, UNHCR promised to continue supporting Kenya's efforts to prevent and resolve statelessness within the framework of the global #IBelong Campaign to End Statelessness that aims to end statelessness by 2024.

Kenya is home to an estimated 18,500 stateless persons, most of whom are members of ethnic minority groups. In addition to the Shona is a group referred to as the Pemba.